Some critics see these ideologies as examples of scientism and techno-utopianism and concern the notion of human enhancement and technological singularity which they help. Estimates for the date of this Singularity range, however prominent futurist Ray Kurzweil estimates the Singularity will occur in 2045. Transhumanists generally imagine that the purpose of technology is to beat obstacles, and that what we commonly check with as the human situation is simply another barrier to be surpassed. Optimistic assumptions are made by proponents of ideologies similar to transhumanism and singularitarianism, which view technological improvement as generally having beneficial effects for the society and …